A linguist from Tyumen analyzed metaphors related to weapons.

In any classification of metaphors, the category of "weapon" (armament) is considered essential. Weapons, as various means and devices intended for offense or defense and utilized by humans since ancient times, represent one of the most significant elements of culture.

The article "Realizations of the Cognitive Model 'Human - Weapon' in Russian Poetic Texts (Based on the Material of Image Dictionaries)" by Elena Kupchik was published in the journal "Issues of Lexicography."

Poetic image dictionaries serve as important sources of information about the metaphorical correspondences that have existed in Russian literature throughout its development.

As such sources, the researcher utilized "The Dictionary of Poetic Images" by N.V. Pavlovich and "The Dictionary of the Language of Poetry" by N.N. Ivanova and O.E. Ivanova.

After analyzing the dictionaries, the scholar concluded that through numerous metaphors of weapons, the entirety of humanity is understood in Russian artistic texts from both old and new times: its personality, body parts, organs, actions, feelings, emotions, mental states, and thoughts.

The human face is depicted in the most detail, especially the eyes, which are not only a prominent feature of external appearance but also an important source of information about a person's inner world. The model "eyes - weapon" encompasses the broadest range of sources, including various types of weapons and ammunition: arrows, bows, swords, sabers, rapiers, bullets, rifles, and gunpowder.

Elements of the external human form are compared to different types of weapons based on characteristics such as sharpness, shape, color, speed of movement, and striking effects. The inner world of a person is also represented through comparisons with various weapons, with the common characteristic of the comparison being the striking effect.

The most traditional and widespread figurative parallels involve designations for projectile, piercing, and cutting weapons, primarily arrows, as well as swords, spears, and parts of cold weapons like blades and edges: both the realities of the external person and manifestations of their inner world are compared with these.

Analogies between humans and weapons are employed when addressing various situations in which a person confronts others, inflicts and receives wounds, achieves victories, and suffers defeats.

Thus, the feelings that arise in a person during agitation or high levels of dissatisfaction with something are embodied in comparisons with powerful weapons – for example, in traditional metaphors such as the sword of anger or the sword of malice. The traditional understanding of anger as fire, reflected in the works of many poets (G. Derzhavin, P. Vyazemsky, V. Maikov, V. Petrov), allows for comparisons with weapons of the corresponding type: a furious explosion of malice (M. Voloshin), a battering ram – a charred log of anger (V. Khlobnikov).

The realizations of the metaphorical model "human - weapon" have a broad range of applications: they describe a person's appearance, movements, character traits, moods, states, feelings, and attitudes towards others.