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On Mars, there are intriguing rounded formations known as pseudocraters. These are the result of volcanic activity occurring under unusual conditions—specifically, when lava comes into contact with water. Planetologists sought to observe this process firsthand. They successfully achieved this using common ingredients: starch, baking soda, and syrup.

Planetary scientists conducted "kitchen" experiments simulating steam explosions on Mars.

Researchers from the semiconductor oxide materials laboratory at MIPT, in collaboration with colleagues, have developed materials based on a semiconductor—a complex oxide of indium, gallium, and zinc. Their search for reagents suitable for low-temperature synthesis revealed that using glycerin and heating to 500 degrees Celsius allows for the formation of particles no larger than 30 nanometers. The findings from this work pave the way for making 3D printing technologies for transistors more accessible by reducing energy consumption.

A method has been discovered to enhance the energy efficiency of 3D printing technologies for transistors.

High-quality cheese contains essential nutrients for the body. But how can you ensure that it's not fake and truly beneficial? Instructors from the Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology at Perm Polytechnic share insights on what cheese is, why it has holes, which varieties are lactose-free and can aid in combating diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. They explain the factors that determine the product's cost, how to avoid imitations, why some cheeses don't melt in the microwave, how smoked and processed cheeses can secretly harm our health, and the impact of noble mold on the product.

What does cheese hide? Researchers from Perm shared tips on how to enjoy it without harming your health.

Analysts have reported that China may be constructing a large research center focused on laser and nuclear fusion. The work is taking place in the city of Mianyang in the southwest region of the country, according to sources cited by the news agency Reuters. This new facility could be involved in the development of nuclear weapons as well as research related to energy production.

Satellites revealed the construction of a massive nuclear fusion research center in China.

A recent study has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is safe for preventing stem cell rejection in patients who have received them for blood cancer treatment. This represents another phase of clinical trials involving microbiome-based therapies from healthy individuals aimed at restoring bacterial communities in immunocompromised patients.

Fecal microbiota transplantation has demonstrated safety and efficacy in a new phase of clinical trials.

On the surface of the dwarf planet located between Mars and Jupiter, traces of complex hydrocarbon compounds have been detected, which are considered the "building blocks of life." It is essential to understand their origin. There are two possibilities: either the molecules were brought there by falling asteroids, or they formed on Ceres itself. Previously, one team of scientists presented compelling arguments in favor of the "self-production" of these complex substances within the depths of this small world, but now other researchers are equally assertive in claiming that this idea is questionable.

Scientists have raised doubts about whether the organic matter found on Ceres is indigenous to the dwarf planet.

U.S. President Donald Trump has accused Joe Biden's administration of failing to bring two American astronauts, Barry Wilmore and Sunita Williams, back to Earth. Since June 2024, they have been aboard the International Space Station due to issues with Boeing's Starliner spacecraft.

Trump urged Musk to expedite the return of the "stranded" astronauts at the ISS as soon as possible.

Researchers from the United States and the United Kingdom conducted an analysis of samples from the asteroid Bennu and discovered traces of ancient brine—a solution of salts that remained after water evaporated. This brine contains substances that may have played a role in the formation of organic compounds essential for the emergence of life. Interestingly, one of the detected substances had not been observed in other extraterrestrial samples before. This discovery sheds light on how asteroids could have contributed to the emergence of life on our planet.

Samples from the asteroid have revealed a substance typically found in saline lakes on Earth for the first time.

Vegetarians may appear less appealing as romantic partners to those who do not follow a predominantly or exclusively plant-based diet. This was revealed by a study conducted in Poland, where, similar to Russia, there is a strong historical tradition of meat consumption.

Vegetarians are considered less attractive as romantic partners.

The European Space Agency (ESA) has released an audio recording created from data collected by the BepiColombo spacecraft, which completed its sixth and final gravitational maneuver near Mercury on January 8, 2025.

BepiColombo captured the sounds of its journey around Mercury.

On January 27, 2025, Firefly Aerospace released two images of the Moon captured by the Blue Ghost spacecraft from low Earth orbit.

The Blue Ghost spacecraft has captured its target in its first photograph.

A Bombardier CRJ700 passenger aircraft operated by PSA Airlines collided mid-air with a Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk military helicopter while approaching Ronald Reagan Airport in Washington.

The largest aviation disaster in recent years occurred in the United States.

While American tech companies were working to recover from a record drop in stock prices, the Chinese startup DeepSeek launched another open-source artificial intelligence model. This time, it is an image generator that, according to the developers, surpasses OpenAI's DALL·E 3.

DeepSeek has launched an image generator that surpasses American neural networks.

To extract oil from deep wells, deep well rod pumps are utilized, which experience significant stress during operation. This is particularly evident in one of the most critical components of the device—the pump rod. This solid metal rod pushes the plunger, generating the necessary pressure for oil transfer. The equipment's operation in harsh conditions leads to corrosion on the component's threads, resulting in material degradation over time. To ensure the reliable functioning of the pumps, it is essential to implement methods that prevent rapid wear of these components. Researchers at Perm Polytechnic University have proposed a technique for locally strengthening pump rods through induction heat treatment technology. The practical application of these recommendations will enhance the reliability and longevity of well equipment in the aggressive conditions typical of the mining industry.

Researchers from Perm have developed a method that enhances the strength of components used in oil equipment while also reducing manufacturing costs.

Over the past 25 years, wage inequality in Russia has nearly halved. Significant factors contributing to this trend include the increase in the minimum wage, the leveling of incomes across regions, and changes in the returns on education. However, since 2019, a new phase has begun: the reduction of inequality is occurring at a slower pace, indicating a qualitatively different shift. These conclusions were drawn by Anna Lukyanova, an associate professor at the Faculty of Economic Sciences at HSE, in her recent study.

Wage inequality has decreased in Russia.

Researchers from Germany have discovered a new group of bitter compounds in roasted Arabica coffee and investigated their impact on the beverage's flavor. Additionally, the scientists found out why some individuals perceive the drink as more bitter than others.

Scientists have discovered why some people perceive coffee as more bitter than others.

Geospatial modeling methods have become essential tools for environmental monitoring, enabling the management of environmental risks and the tracking of natural disaster threats. The application of machine learning in geospatial research is on the rise. Researchers are publishing numerous articles reporting improvements in models, addressing fundamental challenges, and introducing new approaches, particularly in the natural sciences. However, many of these publications suffer from methodological flaws, primarily due to the inherent limitations of machine learning. A team of scientists from Skoltech and the AIRI Institute conducted a review of the scientific literature, identifying common issues and proposed solutions.

A method has been discovered to enhance geospatial modeling.

The Chinese artificial intelligence model DeepSeek, launched last week, has become the most downloaded app in the United States, China, Japan, and several Western European countries. This new application has surpassed OpenAI's ChatGPT and triggered a significant drop in the stock prices of major American tech companies.

The wealthiest individuals lost billions after the launch of the Chinese chatbot DeepSeek.

Previously, complex and costly experimental methods were employed to decipher protein structures. Researchers from MIPT (Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology) have proposed a novel approach for predicting the structures of large protein complexes. This method was tested to forecast the properties of ATP synthase enzymes, which are essential for the energy production of every living cell.

Russian scientists have explored the diversity of protein rotors.

Pipeline systems are utilized in water supply, sewage, heating, as well as in the transportation of oil and gas. The operation of pumps, compressors, and other equipment generates significant vibrations that can lead to structural damage, ground subsidence, and accidents. To prevent such issues, pipelines are equipped with specialized thin-layer rubber-metal elements that possess excellent vibration isolation properties. The performance and safety of the entire system depend on the selected materials and the manufacturing process of these components. Researchers at Perm Polytechnic have analyzed various technologies for producing these elements and identified materials that can enhance their strength by 2 to 2.5 times.

In Perm, methods have been identified to enhance the vibration insulation of pipelines.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that the assembly of the crew module for the Gaganyaan spacecraft has been completed in Bangalore, along with the installation of its propulsion system.

India has completed the assembly of the crew module's body for the Gaganyaan spacecraft.

The head of the state corporation "Roscosmos," Yuri Borisov, announced during the "Royal Readings - 2025" conference that the development of the partially reusable launch vehicle "Amur-SPG" could be completed by 2030.

Roscosmos aims to complete the development of a Falcon 9 equivalent by 2030.

About half of all astronauts experience vision problems upon returning from the International Space Station, a condition known in medicine as "spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome." Recently, researchers have provided a detailed account of how microgravity alters the structure of the eye.

Scientists have discovered why weightlessness negatively affects astronauts' vision.

A group of American researchers compared various types of psychoactive substances—ranging from alcohol and nicotine to illicit drugs and prescription medications—by examining the number of attempts individuals make to quit these substances before achieving lasting abstinence. Understanding which addictions are more frequently associated with relapses, and therefore require greater effort to overcome, is crucial for professionals who treat these types of dependencies.

Doctors have identified substances that are the hardest to overcome addiction to.

One of the newest Chinese space companies, Nayuta Space, has secured tens of millions of yuan for the development of a reusable rocket that features both first and second stage reusability.

Chinese startup Nayuta Space has secured funding to develop a reusable rocket.

During the plenary session of the "Royal Readings - 2025," Viktor Khartov, the chief designer of automatic space systems and complexes, announced that a human-machine hybrid complex will be established on the Russian Orbital Station (ROS) through active interaction between humans and automated devices.

The Russian orbital station will evolve into a hybrid complex combining human and machine elements.

The Defense Post, citing Chinese media, reported that a new microwave weapon called "Hurricane-3000" (HPM3000) can generate electromagnetic pulses with a voltage of up to 80,000 volts. This capability enables it to disable the electronic systems of enemy weaponry, including various types of drones.

China has announced a breakthrough in the development of advanced microwave weaponry.