The durability of 3D products will be enhanced.

Additive technologies are being widely implemented in the heavy machinery sector for the production of metallurgical and mining equipment, heavy machines, cranes, conveyors, excavators, large marine vessels, and rail cars. These technologies enable the creation of designs with high precision and complex geometries of internal elements and channels, which is not feasible with traditional casting and machining methods. However, due to the layer-by-layer formation during 3D printing, the properties within the products can be uneven, leading to reduced quality and lifespan. Researchers at Perm Polytechnic University conducted a series of tests to assess the durability of these materials against failure. The findings will help expand the experimental foundation of programs that support the life cycle of 3D-printed products, ultimately allowing for the production of high-quality and durable structures made from additive materials.

2024-12-17 10:02:05https://naked-science.ru/article/column/dolgovechnost-3d-izdelij

The article is published in the journal "Vestnik PNIPU. Mechanics." The work was carried out with financial support from the Russian Center for Scientific Information and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Perm Krai.

During the printing process, the 3D printer deposits layers in a specified direction at a certain angle. If these parameters are incorrectly selected, microcracks, pores, and other defects may occur, leading to a deterioration in mechanical properties and failure of the products. This is why it is crucial to consider and predict how different printing directions affect the behavior of additive materials.

The complex geometry of 3D products and the impact of dynamic and static loads determine the nature of the stresses within the material. Conducting comprehensive experiments under various test conditions and analyzing the material for tensile and torsional strength will help track the limits of strength, yield, and elasticity. The first measure affects resistance to failure. The second defines the stress level at which plastic deformation occurs without an increase in load. The third is responsible for the material's ability to maintain its shape and dimensions. Taking all these factors into account enhances the accuracy of calculations regarding the state of the product during operation.

Scientists from Perm Polytechnic analyzed the changes in additive material under different loads. For the samples, they used aluminum powder ASP-35 (AlSi10Mg), which is utilized in pyrotechnics, rubber production, tires, solar panels, and refractory and ceramic materials. The samples for the study were grown at angles of 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees.

"Tensile tests revealed that the resistance to failure is higher in samples grown horizontally at an angle of zero degrees. The identified endurance limit for all directions is 110 MPa. Samples printed at a 45-degree angle are less resistant to failure under torsion compared to those at 60 and 90 degrees. Overall, torsional tests provide a better assessment of material inhomogeneity and can be used for more effective selection of laser printing parameters," comments Artem Ilyinykh, senior researcher at the Experimental Mechanics Center of PNIPU and Candidate of Technical Sciences.

The research conducted by scientists at Perm Polytechnic expands the experimental foundation for predicting the properties of 3D products. This will enhance their strength and extend their service life, particularly through the proper selection of printing technological parameters. The quality of complex products used in critical industrial equipment directly impacts the safety of manufacturing processes.