An obsession with muscles and banned substances led to the bodybuilder's tragic demise.

The chemical compound 2,4-dinitrophenol was originally utilized in the production of explosives, as well as a pesticide and herbicide. Its side effect was accidentally discovered — it increased metabolic rate, leading to the burning of fat reserves. For a time during the 1930s, the DNP-based substance was used for weight loss, but due to numerous toxic side effects and the risk of death, it was banned and removed from circulation by the end of the decade.

However, in the 1980s, 2,4-dinitrophenol experienced a "second birth." Despite serious health risks, this dangerous substance became illicitly popular among athletes, bodybuilders, and those looking to improve their appearance. Around the world, dozens of deaths have been reported in connection with the use of 2,4-dinitrophenol, which people can still purchase online today.

In a case described by French doctors, a 21-year-old bodybuilder had been consuming DNP for six months, which ultimately resulted in his death. Following the ingestion of the substance, the man developed tachycardia, rapid breathing, and excessive sweating, symptoms typical of 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning. Four months before his death, he was hospitalized with multiple organ failure and admitted to using DNP upon admission.

However, during subsequent consultations with his treating physician, he denied its use, despite the persistent symptoms. This complicated treatment and the diagnosis, as the doctor was searching for causes in possible endocrine disorders or tumors.

Apparently, the desire to maintain a muscular and toned physique was so strong that the young man continued to use 2,4-dinitrophenol, even as his condition worsened. One day, he took two grams of DNP and then sought emergency help, ending up in the hospital, where he died a few hours later.

Upon autopsy, physicians found jaundice, congestion in the blood supply to internal organs, acute poisoning from 2,4-dinitrophenol, and chronic intoxication. Additionally, traces of various anabolic steroids were present in the deceased's hair.

The patient evidently suffered from what is known as muscle dysmorphia — a type of dysmorphic disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts about insufficient muscle development. This was indicated by the fact that the young man visited several gyms daily and adhered to a high-protein diet for muscle gain. According to doctors, his denial of DNP use was caused by cognitive distortion, where dissatisfaction with one’s body and fear of losing muscle mass induce more anxiety than health deterioration.

An article about this clinical case, published in the journal Frontiers in Public Health, aims to assist medical professionals in recognizing disorders that may be associated with the use of 2,4-dinitrophenol more quickly, allowing for timely intervention to prevent fatal outcomes.