In Perm, the performance of synchronous motors under high loads has been enhanced.

Synchronous motors are utilized in applications where high power is required to drive various mechanisms and devices, such as compressors, pumps, and mills. This is crucial for the energy, industrial, and aviation sectors. To streamline operations, an automatic sensorless control system is employed, which enables real-time indirect monitoring of the rotor's position and the motor's rotational speed. In existing systems, changes in operating conditions can lead to decreased efficiency and a loss of stable control over the mechanism. Researchers at Perm Polytechnic University have developed a new approach to adapting the observer for synchronous motors, which enhances the reliability and accuracy of the control system.

2024-11-22 10:00:12https://naked-science.ru/article/column/sinhronnogo-dvigatelya-pr

The study published in the journal "Electrical Engineering" was conducted as part of the strategic academic leadership program "Priority 2030."

To manage a permanent magnet synchronous motor, it is essential to obtain information about the position of its rotating center—the rotor. This necessitates the use of specialized sensors, which increase costs and reduce the reliability of the system. Therefore, currently, sensorless systems with a sliding mode observer (a special mathematical algorithm in the automatic control system that calculates rotor position data by measuring currents and voltages in the windings) are used instead.

It is known that the effectiveness of the sliding mode observer decreases under varying external conditions, especially load changes. In such cases, it fails to perform its function of capturing rotor speed, which can lead to unstable motor operation.

Scientists from Perm Polytechnic have developed an adaptive original scheme for the observer's operation. It maintains the stability of the control system even when operating conditions change.

“The new algorithm is based on load estimation through the analysis of current values in the motor windings. An additional variable—an adaptation coefficient—has been introduced into the mathematical scheme of motor operation. Thus, the observer takes into account the nature of the load when calculating the motor's revolutions,” explains Sergey Storozhev, Associate Professor at the Department of Automation and Telemechanics at PNIPU, PhD in Technical Sciences.

“We tested the adaptive observer using computer modeling with three varying load scenarios for the motor. Under normal load conditions, the observers function identically. However, when the load increases by 2.5 to 3 times, the non-adaptive observer fails to read the rotor speed, unlike the adaptive one, which continues to operate stably,” comments Alexander Yuzhakov, Head of the Department of Automation and Telemechanics at PNIPU, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences.

The development by scientists at Perm Polytechnic ensures high accuracy in assessing the motor's state under various operating modes. This guarantees uninterrupted operation of devices that utilize synchronous motors—power plant generators, pumps, compressors, and marine propellers.